Essential Words for the TOEFL

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English

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Approximately 500 words and their definitions are presented here for ESL students preparing to take the TOEFL. The book also presents detailed advice on ways that students can expand their English language vocabulary.

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Publié par	essousyloubna1
Publié le	18 décembre 2022
Nombre de lectures	41
Langue	English

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Acknowledgment With love and appreciation, I would like to recognize Stephanie Matthiesen for the special contributions she has made to this 6th edition of Essential Words for the TOEFL.

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Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007, 2004, 1999, 1992 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
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eISBN: 978-1-4380-9263-8
C ONTENTS
INTRODUCTION: Success on the TOEFL
Maximizing Your Vocabulary Potential—A Description of This Program
CHAPTER 1: Getting to Know the TOEFL
What Is the TOEFL?
About the iBT (Internet-Based TOEFL)
About the ITP TOEFL (Institutional TOEFL Program)
The iBT
Section 1: Reading
Section 2: Listening
Section 3: Speaking
Section 4: Writing
The ITP (The Paper-Based TOEFL)
Section 1: Listening
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
Section 3: Reading Comprehension
Some Helpful Hints for Both Formats of the TOEFL
CHAPTER 2: Understanding the TOEFL Reading Section
Sample Questions
Strategy for the iBT and ITP TOEFL
CHAPTER 3: Improving Your TOEFL Vocabulary
The Importance of Reading … A Lot!
Make Flash Cards
Make Word Lists
Learn Words from Old TOEFLs
Learn the Words in This Book
Learn to Use a Thesaurus
CHAPTER 4: Building Your TOEFL Vocabulary
Developing Word Attack Skills
Important Vocabulary Building Tools
CHAPTER 5: The Essential TOEFL Vocabulary
Studying the Word Entries
Answering Phrasal Questions
Lessons 1–30
Answers to Exercises: Lessons 1–30
CHAPTER 6: The iBT Practice Test
General Directions
iBT Reading Section
Answers to iBT Practice Test
Scoring Your iBT Practice Test
iBT and ITP Reading Section Score Conversion Tables
I NTRODUCTION
SUCCESS ON THE TOEFL
What vocabulary is necessary to score high on the TOEFL?
Why is it especially important to have a strong vocabulary for the current TOEFL?
Why must I improve my vocabulary and how can I succeed?
How can I be a better TOEFL test taker?
Essential Words for the TOEFL answers these questions and provides you with a proven plan for improving your English vocabulary while also preparing you for the TOEFL. The words and practice questions that appear throughout this book will help you to maximize your understanding of words that will likely appear in every section of the TOEFL. Important information about how to maximize your score on the TOEFL is given in addition to vocabulary building hints and exercises. By following the program and mastering the words in this book, you will be ready to earn a higher score on the TOEFL.
This 6th edition of Essential Words for the TOEFL has an extensive, revised list of 500 words with improved exercises and updated reading selections. This edition makes Essential Words one of the most thoroughly researched books of its kind. It is the product of extensive study of previous TOEFLs and academic materials from which the questions on the TOEFL are produced. The result of this research is this powerful book of words that will lead you to success on the TOEFL.
MAXIMIZING YOUR VOCABULARY POTENTIAL—A DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM
This book is divided into six chapters. This introduction gives you basic information about their contents and how to use the book. Let’s look at the six chapters.
Getting to Know the iBT
Chapter 1 describes the complete iBT test format and contains sample questions from each part. The questions are explained in detail and test-taking strategies are introduced.
Understanding the Internet-Based TOEFL
Chapter 2 describes the importance of building a strong vocabulary in order to score well on the iBT. You will find sample reading passages typical of those found in Section One of the iBT with a detailed analysis of the kinds of words and questions that are found on the TOEFL. In this chapter you will learn important strategies and hints to follow that will increase the probability of maximizing your score on the TOEFL.
Improving Your TOEFL Vocabulary
Chapter 3 gives you a plan for studying vocabulary. You should use the plan when studying the words in this book.
Building Your TOEFL Vocabulary
Chapter 4 provides powerful information that helps you build your TOEFL vocabulary. You will be introduced to “roots, prefixes, and suffixes”; parts of words that provide or add meaning. You will also be introduced to dictionary and thesaurus use, both print and online resources that contribute to any strategy to build your TOEFL vocabulary.
The Essential TOEFL Vocabulary
Barron’s TOEFL Vocabulary Building Program is explained in Chapter 5. The carefully selected words that appear on the list are important for all TOEFL test takers. An explanation of the program is given, including how to study the list, how to understand the words, and how to follow the program from beginning to end. Thirty carefully developed vocabulary lessons follow the explanation. Each lesson ends with practice questions like those that appear on both the iBT and the ITP, the paper-based TOEFL.
The iBT Practice Reading Test
Chapter 6 contains a complete practice iBT reading test, typical of those found in Section 3 of the TOEFL. The test gives you practice with reading comprehension and vocabulary questions that closely follow the iBT format. At the conclusion of the practice test, you will be able to assess your iBT knowledge and skills by using the included answer key and conversion tables to convert your number of correct answers to a score on the TOEFL scale. Both the iBT and ITP scales are included. Chapter 6 is followed by an index of the 500 essential words presented in this book, followed by the page number where the word can be found in the text.
A Final Word
The 6th edition of Essential Words for the TOEFL is a product of more than 20 years of research and continuous updating. Among the thousands of words that TOEFL test makers can use, this edition of Essential Words for the TOEFL presents those words that are predictably the most likely to appear often on the iBT. By mastering the words and applying the strategies presented in this book, you will be well on your way to a higher score on the TOEFL.
Steven Matthiesen
C HAPTER 1
GETTING TO KNOW THE TOEFL
WHAT IS THE TOEFL?
The TOEFL is a comprehensive English language examination that helps colleges and universities in the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world make admission decisions. It is also used by some organizations to certify professionals to practice their vocations both in the United States and abroad.
ABOUT THE i BT (INTERNET-BASED TOEFL)
For many years, the TOEFL was administered only in a paper-based format. Examinees marked their answers with a pencil on an answer sheet. The test primarily assessed listening comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and reading skills. Then, beginning in 1998, the Educational Testing Service (the maker of the TOEFL) began offering a computer-based TOEFL known as the iBT. Taking advantage of advances in technology, the iBT expanded the range of skills tested by adding speaking and writing sections to the test as well as integrating reading, grammar, and vocabulary skills to mimic how we use language everyday.
ABOUT THE ITP TOEFL (INSTITUTIONAL TOEFL PROGRAM)
Some educational institutions use a paper-based TOEFL, known as the ITP TOEFL. The Educational Testing Service makes this form of the TOEFL available to institutions who often use the test to generally assess individuals’ English language skills for placement purposes. Institutions also use results to assess the effectiveness of their English language instructional programs. These TOEFLs are typically previously administered paper-based TOEFLs. Generally, colleges and universities do not accept ITP TOEFL scores in place of an iBT score. The two versions of the TOEFL are quite different. A description of both formats follows.
THE i BT
The iBT is a timed test that consists of the four sections listed below.
Section 1
Reading
60–100 minutes
3–4 Passages
12–14 questions per passage
Section 2
Listening
60–90 minutes
2–3 Conversations
5 questions per conversation
4–6 Lectures
6 questions per lecture
Section 3
Speaking
20 minutes
2 Independent Tasks
4 Integrated Tasks
Section 4
Writing
50 minutes
1 Integrated Task
1 Independent Task
SECTION 1: READING
The iBT reading section is presented in two formats. The short format iBT gives you three passages of approximately 700 words. The long format contains four passages. After each passage, you will answer 12–14 test questions. If you are taking the long format iBT, only three sets of the test questions will be answered. The responses to the questions for the other two passages will be evaluated by ETS for use on future iBTs. You will have 60 minutes to read all of the passages and respond to the questions (100 minutes for the long format). You will be allowed to take notes while you read. You will see some words or phrases highlighted. You may see an explanation or definition of the word or phrase by clicking on it.
The majority of questions in this section are in the multiple-choice format. Make your answer choice for each and proceed to the next question by clicking on Next . To return to the previous question, click on Back . At any time, you can click on Review to see a list of the questions that you have and have not answered. You may return t